Comparative hematological and histopathological toxicity of two potential bio-insecticides against albino rats

Ivermectin [1.8% E.C] and spinosad [24% SC] are bioinsecticides produced by fermentation of some bacteria species. These compounds were selected to evaluate their haematological and histopathological toxicities against albino rats. The tested compounds were orally administrated to rats at 1/10 LD[50] every three days for one month period. Hemoglobin value [HB], red blood cells [RBC], white blood cells [WBC] and platelets [PLT] counts, gamma glutamyl transferase [gammaGT] were determined in addition to histopathological examinations for liver, spleen and kidney. In general, both compounds induced significant changes in HB value, RBC, WBC, PLT counts, and gammaGT activity after 30 days from treatment. Ivermectin caused significant rise in creatinine level at the same period. Histopathological examination showed disturbance in hepatic lobules, inflammatory infiltration, and pyknotic and karyolitic nuclei in hepatocytes. Kidney exhibited lobulated glomeruli and degenerative tubules, but interstitial hemorrhagic areas were noticed in spleen. Although the tested compounds are biopesticides, obtained data revealed that both compounds caused undesirable effects on experimental animals, so we conclude not to use them on plants during fruit stage or on fresh vegetables

Toxicological potential of thiamethoxam insecticide on albino rats and its residues in some organs

The present study aimed to investigate the hematological and histopathological effects of thiamethoxam insecticide on albino rats, the traces of this insecticide in stomach, fats, brain, liver and kidney were determined. Administration of thiamethoxam insecticide to rats with one-tenth of median lethal dose [1/10 LD[50]] for ten days [10 repetitive doses], the toxicants was withdrawn for 10 days to allow recovery from toxicity. The obtained data indicated that thiamethoxam caused significant increase in ALT and amylase activities. In addition, creatinine concentration showed increase after 5 and 10 days of treatment, and then decreased after 10 days of recovery. While triglyceride revealed significant reduction, which reached its maximum after 10 days of treatments it did not return to normal; no significant changes in albumin concentration were noticed. Microscopic examination of liver showed disturbed of the hepatic lobule structure, vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In addition, section of kidney showed lobulated glomeruli, a large area haemorrhage and congested blood vessels that showed thickening in their walls, as well as congestion and hemorrhagic areas was noticed in spleen sections. Thiamethoxam residues in stomach are high [2.17 and 3.78 ppm] followed by fats [1.7 and 3.03 ppm] and brain [1.6 and 2.78 ppm] after 5 and 10 days of treatment; while, residues in kidney and liver are low. But no residues were detected in the kidney at the end of recovery period. Our results suggested that this insecticide caused impairment of the physiological parameters and histological features in albino rats. Therefore, these effects may influence the use of this insecticide against pests attacking vegetables in fruit stage